IO-Link is a standardized communication protocol for industrial automation, developed by the IO-Link Consortium, which includes companies from Germany and other countries. It enables seamless communication between sensors, actuators, and control systems. Digital IOs (Input/Outputs) refer to discrete signal interfaces used in industrial control systems. These technologies are widely applied in manufacturing, robotics, and process automation. Major products include IO-Link masters, devices, and digital I/O modules, offered by brands like Siemens (Germany), ifm (Germany), and Balluff (Germany). They enhance efficiency, flexibility, and diagnostics in smart factories.