IO-Link - M9 modules are a category of industrial automation devices, typically associated with brands like Balluff or IFM, which are German companies specializing in sensor technology and industrial communication. These modules serve industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and logistics, offering compact, robust solutions for signal transmission and device connectivity. The M9 form factor refers to their standardized 9mm diameter, designed for easy integration into machinery. Key products include IO-Link masters, hubs, and sensor modules, enabling smart factory applications and Industry 4.0 initiatives by facilitating real-time data exchange between sensors and control systems.