RS-232 and RS-485 are not brands but rather industry-standard communication protocols developed by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), now part of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), based in the United States. These standards are widely used in industrial automation, telecommunications, and data acquisition systems. RS-232 is a serial communication standard for point-to-point connections, while RS-485 supports multi-point communication over longer distances. Companies like Texas Instruments, Maxim Integrated, and Analog Devices produce integrated circuits and transceivers compliant with these standards. These products are essential for reliable data transmission in harsh industrial environments, including manufacturing, process control, and building automation.