RS-485 and RS-422 are not brands but standardized communication protocols developed by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), originating in the United States. These protocols are widely used in industrial automation, telecommunications, and data acquisition systems for reliable long-distance serial communication. RS-485 supports multi-point communication with differential signaling, while RS-422 is designed for point-to-point or multi-drop configurations. Key products include transceivers, converters, and interface ICs from manufacturers like Texas Instruments, Maxim Integrated, and Analog Devices. These standards are critical in industries such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation for robust data transmission.